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The ESSD 2022 Conference December 12, 2022, NPIC, Phnom Penh
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1. ααα αααΈααααΎαα
αα α α»αααααααααα ααΆαααααΎααΆααααΆααααα ααααααααα
α»ααΆααΆααααΆαααααΎαα
α αΎαααΆααααΆααα αααααααΎαααααααΆαααααΎααΆααααΆαααα’αααα·ααααΈαα αααα»α
ααααααααα
α»ααΆ ααΆαααααααα αααα α6.9% [1]α α αα αααααααααααααα
ααΆαααα’αααα·ααααΈ αααααααααΆααΆααΆα ααααααα
α»ααΆ ααΆααααΌα ααΆ
ααΆαα’αΈαααα·ααααΈ62% ααααα₯αααααα 19% (ααααααΆααΆ α αΌα ααα·αααααααα )
αααααΌ ααα 18% ααα·αααΈαααΆααΆα 1% [2]α αααΎααΆαααα ααααΎ ααΆαααααΎααΆαα
ααΆααααα αααΎαα·ααααα ααΆαα»ααΆααΆ α ααααααααα·ααα α α»αααααΆααααααααα·
α αΎαααΆ ααΆαααααΎααΆααααΆααα αα αααΎαααααα αααΆααΆαα»αΈααααααα ααα·α
ααΆααΆαα»αΈααααααΆααααΆα ααααααΆα 51% ααΆαααΉαααααααΌαα 32% ααα·αααΆαααααΎ
ααΆααααααΎαααααααα· αα·ααΆααααα· ααΆαααα’ααααα· ααΈαααααααΆα αα‘αΆαΌ ααΆααααααΆααααα
α»ααααΈ α ααα ααΆα
ααααααααΎαααΉα
αα αααα ααααa,*
, αα α αααα αΌααΈb
, αααα αα·ααααΈc
Performance Improvement of Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) Solar Panel by Module Temperature Reduction
with Water
Sovan Kakadaa,*
, Or Chanmolyb
, Kong Rithyc
a Graduate School, National Polytechnic Institute of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
b Research and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
c Graduate School, National Polytechnic Institute of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
a
sovankakada@npic.edu.kh, b or.molyitc@gmail.com, c
kongrithyitc@gmail.com
ααα αααΈααααα α ααα
α»
α Crystalline ααΆααα ααααΌα‘αΆ ααααααααα·ααααααααααα αΎα αααΎααααΈαααΎααΆαααα ααΆααααα ααΆαΆαα ααα·α
αααΌ
αααΆααΆαααα ααααα ααΌα‘αΆααααααααααααΆααααΈαααααααααΊ Mono-crystalline ααα·α poly-crystallineα Mono-crystalline
ααΆααααΆααα·ααααααΎααΆααααΆα Poly-Crystalline αα αααααΆαααΆαααααΆααΆαααα·ααααααααααααΆα ααα·αα’αΆαα»ααΆαααααΎααΆααααα
ααΆα Poly-Crystallineα ααααΈαααΎαα·αααααααααααΆααααα αα»αααΆαααααΆαααΉαααΆαααα α α»αααα ααααααααααα αααααααα ααΌα‘αΆααααΎααα αΎαα ααΌαα ααα
αααΎααααΈ ααααΎαααα·αααααααααααΆα αΎαααα· ααΆα αΆα α αα αααααΌααααΆααααα αΈαα»αα ααΆαααααααΆα²αααα αααα»ααααααα· ααα½ αααααα ααΉαααααΌα
αΆααααααΎααΆαααααΎααααΈααα α»
ααααααα ααααααααα ααΌα‘αΆ ααα·ααααααΎαααα·αααααααααααΆα αΎαααα· α αα αααα»αααΆααα·αααΆααααα αΆααααααΎαααααΎ
ααα ααααΌα‘αΆααααα mono-crystalline (PVT) αααααΆααα’αααΆααα αΌαααΉαααα αααα»ααα»αα 1 L/mn ααα·αααΈααΆαα ααα αΎααα
ααΈαααα»αααααααα ααΆααααα αΆαααααΆα αα²ααα αΎαααΆ αα αααα²ααααΉααα αΌααα αααα»ααα»αααααααααα ααΌα‘αΆ αααααΎα²ααααααα ααΌα‘αΆααΆαααα
ααααα αα αΎαααΆαααα’αααα·ααααΈααααα ααΌα‘αΆαΆααααααΎααα αΎαααΆαααααααααΆα 4% αααα»αααα½ ααααααααΆαα½ααααα αααααααα α ααΉααααα
αααα’αΆα αααΌααΆααααΆαααααααααααΎααΆαααΆαααααααα
Abstract: Crystalline is a popular solar panel mainly used in households and public roads. There
are two types of crystalline panels: mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline. Mono-crystalline is
popular for its higher efficiency compared to poly-crystalline, long-life service, and low
investment cost. However, its efficiency drops as the module temperature increases. So, the
technique for module temperature reduction needs to be applied to improve the module power
generation, hence, higher module efficiency and water is a best heat remover. In this study, one
type of mono-crystalline (PVT) with circulating water flow rate of 1 L/mn under the climate
condition of Phnom Penh was selected. The results indicated higher power generations of the
module as the module temperature was reduced by circulating cooling water up to 4 % per year.
In addition, the warm/hot water leave module could be used for some household applications.
Keywords: Mono-crystalline, PVT (photovoltaic thermal), Power generation, Cooling
water, Hot water.
* α’αααααα·αααααααα½ αααα
α»αα (Corresponding Author)
a
αααααα ααααα·αα αα αΆααα·αΆαααααΆααααα αααΆααααααα· αΆααα αααααα·αΆααΆαΆααααΆαα·αα α»ααα α ααααααααα
α»ααΆ
b ααΆααααααΆα α αα ααααααααα ααααΆααααΆα ααα·αααααΆααα»αααααααααααα·αΆααΆαΆααααα α ααααα·αΆαααα
α»ααΆ
c
ααααΆαααααΆααΆααΊααααΆ ααΆα ααααα ααααα· αΆαααααΆααααααααααααα αΆααα·αΆαααααΆααααα αααΆααααααα· αΆααα αααααα·αΆααΆαΆααααΆαα·αα α»ααα α ααααααααα
α»ααΆ
Copyright Β©2022. Published by NPIC. All rights reserved.
Page 2 of 5
The ESSD 2022 Conference December 12, 2022, NPIC, Phnom Penh
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ααΆαααααααααααΆα 17%[3]α α αα ααααααααααααααααΆααα
ααα· ααααΆα ααααα αααΎ ααααα ααααααα»ααααΆααααΆααααααααΆαααααααααΎα
α αΎαααα· ααα·αααααααΆααααααα· ααααααΎαα αΎαααα· α α αα αααααα
ααΆααααααα· ααααααΎαα αΎαααα· αΆαααααΉαααααα»ααα½αααααααααΌαααααα ααΆ
ααα αΎαααααααΆαααα ααα αααΉαααΆααΆααα αα ααα·αααααααααΆαααααααΆα»ααΆαα»αααΎα
ααααααααΎα²ααααααααααααΆααΆααααΆααααααα½α ααα·ααα·αΆαααααα»αααΆαααααα ααα
ααααααα α αααααα―ααΆαααααααααΎαα αΎαααα· αααααααΆα
ααΆαααα·αααααα ααΆαααααααα· αα α αΎα ααΆαα ααααΆα· αααΆαααααΆαα
ααα α ααααααααααΆαααα·αα ααΆαααααα αΈααααααααΆαααααα·αΈααΆαααααα ααΆααα αΎαα
αΆαααααΎααα αΎααααΎααααΈααααΎ ααΆααααααΎαααααΌαααααΆααΆαααα·αααΆααα
ααααααΎαα αΎαααα· αααΎααααΈ ααααααααΌαααΆαα’αααααααΎααΆαα αααα»ααααα
ααΆααααααΆα ααΆαααααΎααΆααααΆααααααΎααααΆαααααα₯αααααα ααα·ααααααΌ αα α
ααΆαααΎαα αααα»ααααΆαααααααΆααα·αααΆααΈααΆαααα·αααΆααα αααΆααααααΊ
ααααα’αΆαα·αααααΌααΆααα’ααααααΆααααΆαααΆααα αΎαα αΆαααααααΎααΆαα·αααΆααΌα ααΆ
ααΆαααααΎαααα·αααααααααα ααΌα‘αΆααΆαααα ααΆαααα αΎαααααα αααΆαα²αα
ααΆααααΆααααααΊααααα’αΆαα·αα α’αΆα αααααΎαααα·αααααααΆααααα αΌαααα
ααΆα 50% αα αααΌαααα ααα·ααααααΎαααα·αααααααΆαααααα αΎααααΆα 20%
αα αααΌαααΉαααα ααΎαα»αα[4]α ααΆαααααΎααΆααααΉαααααα α»
ααααααα αααΆαααααΎ
ααΉαααΆααααΈαααΎααΌα ααααα ααα·αααα
αΌ
αααΉααααΈαααΎααααα ααΌα‘αΆα’αΆα αα½α
αααααΎαααα·αααααααααα ααΌα‘αΆαΆαα 20% αααΎααααααααααααΆααα½ ααΆα
ααα αΎααααα ααΆ[5]α ααΆαααααΎααααααααΆαααα ααΎααααΆαΈ αααααα αα αααΈααααα
ααΌα‘αΆαααΆααααα αΎαααα’αΉααααααααααααΆαααα α αα»αα αΈαααααααααααΊαα»α45o αα»α
90o ααα·ααα»α135o
αα αΎαααααΎααααΆα ααααΎααααΈ αα»
αααααα αα ααα αααα· ααΆα
ααΆααααααα»α 45o ααα½ααΆαααααα’ααΆαααα[6]α αα αααα»αααΆα
αα·αααΆαααααααααΉ αααΎααααα ααΆααααααΎαααααα·ααα·ααΆαααα·αααΆααα
α’αααα·ααααΈαααααααα ααΌα‘αΆααΆαααα ααΆααααα α»
ααααΈαα»αα ααΆααααΆαααααΎααΉ
ααα ααα αΌαααΉαααα αααα»ααα»αααααααααα ααΌα‘αΆ ααΆααααααΏαα 1 Lβmn
αααΎααααΈααα α»
ααααααα ααααα ααΌα‘αΆ αα αΎαααΉααααα αααα αΌααα αααΈααααα ααΌ
α‘αΆαααααααα’αΆα α αααΌααΆαααααααααα ααααΎααΆαααααααα
2. αααα·αΈααΆαααααααααΆααααΆα
2.1 αααΉααΈ α ααα·αααΌαααΆαααααααΆαααααΆα
2.1.1 ααΌαααΆαααααααΆαααααΆα ααα αα PV
ααΆαααα·αααΆαααα’αααα·ααααΈααααααααα ααΌα‘αΆ α’αΆαααααα αααΎ
ααΈαα»αα ααΆα ααα·ααααααα· αααα α»αΈαααααααΊαααααα’αΆαα·αα ααααΆαααα ααα²αα
ααΆα αααΎαααααΈαααΆα’αΆααα»ααΆαα’αα·ααααΆααααααααα ααΌα‘αΆ αααΌαααααΎ
ααΌααααα ααΌα ααΆαααααΆα[7]α
Pm = Pm,stc β (1β Ξ³(TPV β 25)) β
GT
1000
. (1)
ααα Pm ααΆα’αΆααα»ααΆαα’αα·ααααΆααααααααα ααΌα‘αΆ Pm,stc ααΆ
α’αΆααα»ααΆαα’αα·ααααΆ ααααααα ααααΌα‘αΆ αααα»ααααααααααααααΆα αααα
αααααΆαααααα α»αΈαααααααΊ1000W/m2 ααα·αααΈαα»αα ααΆααα αααΎPVT
Module 25 oC α Ξ³ ααΆααααα»αααΈαα»αα ααΆαααα PVT α’αΆα
ααα½ααΆααα’αΆααα»ααΆαα’αα·ααααΆα TPV ααΆααΈαα»αα ααΆααα αααΎααααα
ααΌα‘αΆ[7]α
TPV = Ta + (TNOCT β 20)β
GT
800
. (2)
αααΆα TNOCT αααΌααΆααααααααααΆααααααΈαα»αα ααΆααααα PV cell
α¬ Module ααααΆααααα αΎαααααΆααααααααααααα α»αΈααα’αΆααα»ααΆα
αααααΊ800W/m2 ααΈαα»αα ααΆααααα· ααΆα 20 oC αααααΆααααααΆα
αααααααααααα· ααΆααααΆα ααααΆα αα αααααΏαααα½αα ααΆααΌαα TNOCT αααΌα
αΆαααα ααα²ααααΈαααΆαα ααα ααα·αααααα ααΌα‘αΆαααααΆαααα αααα α
45Β±2 oC ααααΆααααα ααααΌα‘αΆααααα Monocrystalline Polycrys- tallineα
αα αααααααααα α’αααΆααα αΌαααΉαα ααα½ ααΈαα αααα»αααα½ ααΆααΈ
(1 Lβmn ) ααΌαα ααα TNOCT αααΌααΆααααααααα ααΆαααααΎαααΌ αααα ααΌα ααΆα
ααααΆα α
TNOCT = 509.5 Γ
(Tfi β Ta)
GT
+ 36.2048. (3)
2.1.2 ααΌαααΆαααααααΆαααααΆα ααα αα PVT
αα αααα»αααΆααα·αααΆααααα Microsoft Excel αααΌααΆααααααΎαααΎααααΈααααΎααΆα
αααααΆ ααα·ααααΆα ααααααααΆαααΆααααααΆααααααΌααααααα ααααααα αα
PVT α αααΌ ααΆα ααα·αααααααΌααααΆα αα’αααΈα§ααααααααααΌαααααα ααα·α
ααα αα·αααα ααααΆαααα ααααααΌαααααΎαα αααα»αααααΆαΈ αααΌαααΆαααααααΆαα
αααΆα αααΌααΆαααααΆα ααααα»ααααΌ ααΆαααΈα‘ (αα) ααα·α(αα)α
αα. ααα αα PVT ααΈαααΆαα ααα
αα. ααααα ααα·ααααα α·αααα αααααααα PVT
αααΌ ααΆαααΈα‘ α ααα αα PVT ααα·αααα αα·αααα αααααααααααΆ [8]α
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ααα αα·αααα ααααΆαααααααα§αααααα ααααΌαααααα αΆαααααΆα ααα
αααα»αααΆααΆαααΈα‘α
ααΆααΆαααΈα‘ α αααααααα·ααααααααα αα PVT [7]
Cell type Mono-crystalline
Dimensions 828 mm Γ1601 mm Γ 90 mm
Area 1.326 m2
Weight 24.4 kg
Number of cells 72
Cell dimensions 125 mm Γ125 mm
Maximum power, Pm 200 wp
Maximum power voltage, Vmp 36.5 V
Maximum power current, Imp 5.2 A
Open-circuit voltage, Voc 45.26 V
Short-circuit current, Isc 5.66 A
Electrical efficiency of module Ξ·stc 15.08 %
Temperature coefficients of Pm, Ξ³ β0.45%/Β°C
FR(ΟΞ±)e 39.86 %, optical efficiency
FRUL 7.85 W/m2
.K, heat loss coefficient
α αΆααα αΈα‘ αααααααΌαααΆ αΈααΆαα α· ααααΆααα ααααα αα αα α αααα§αααααα
ααααΌαααααα ααααα Plat-flate αααΌααΆαααααααααααΆαα
β QΜ β β αΊ = βΔ
cv. (4)
ααααΆααα αα αΌαααα½ αα·ααα
β QΜ β β αΊ = αΉf.(βh + βke + βpe). (5)
αααΆαααΆααααα»αΈαααααα·αα ααα·αααΆαααααΌαααΆ ααα ααααα»αααΆααααΆαααα
ααα½αααΆαα²αα βke = 0 ααα·α βpe = 0 αα αααα»αααααα§αααααα
ααααΌαααααα ααΆααααααααααα αα αααα»ααααααααααααααααα β αΊ = 0
ααΌαα αααααααΆαΈ αααα αΌααααα»αααα½ αα·ααα αααΌααΆαααααααα
(ΟΞ±)e GTA - QΜ
coll- QΜ
loos = 0. (6)
ααα QΜ
coll = (αΉ cp)f (Tfo β Tfi ) ααΆα’αααΆαααΌαααααα ααΆα
αααα αααΆααααααΉαα ααα·α QΜ
loos αααΊααΆα’αααΆααααα αΆααα ααα αΈ
α§αααααα ααααΌαααααα α
FR ααΆααααα»αααααααααα (Removal Factor) ααΆααααΌαααααα
ααααααΉαα ααα·ααα·αααααααααα§αααααα αααΌαααααα αααΌααΆαααααααα
ααΆαααΌααααα ααΆαααααΆαα
QΜ
coll = FR(ΟΞ±)e GTA β FR ULA (Tfi β Ta). (7)
Ξ·cool =
QΜ
cool
GTA
= FR(ΟΞ±)e β FR UL
(Tfi β Ta)
GT
. (8)
ααΆααααααααΆαΈ α (6) ααα·αααααΆαΈ α (7) α’αΆα ααΆααααααΈαα»αα
ααΆαααααα§αααααα ααααΌαααααα αΆααααΌα ααΆαααααΆαα
Tfo= Tfi+
A
(αΉ cp)f
[FR(ΟΞ±)e GT β FR UL(Tfi β Ta)]. (9)
2.2 PVT System for Simulation
αα αααα»αααΆααα·αααΆααααα αΆαααααΎαααααααααα PVT α αααα½ααααΈαααααα
αααααα αΎα αααΆαα²ααααΉααα αΌαα αΌαααΆαα αααΆαα½α αΈ ααααααΌα αααΆα ααααα»α
αααΌ ααΆαααΈα’α α αα ααααΈαα»αα ααΆαααΉααα αΌαααααα ααΌα‘αΆ αααΌααΆαα
ααααααααα 25 Β°C ααααΆααα αΉααααααΎααΆαα (city water) αααα»α
ααΌαααΆα· αααααα ααΆαααΆαααΈααααααα
αααΌ ααΆαααΈα’ α ααΆαααα αΎαααααα PVTα
α αα αααα·ααααααα αααα α»αΈαααααααΊααααα’αΆαα·αα (GT) ααα·αααΈαα»αα - ααΆααααα· ααΆαααΆαααααα ααα αΈαααα’α α α α’ αα αΌααααααα αα’α α’α’
ααααΆααα αααααΈααα½ α αααΌααΆααααΆαααααα αααΈαααα αααα·αΈPVGIS ααα
ααΆαααα αααα·αΈαααααααα·αααααα½ ααααα’α»αΊααα»ααΆ (European Union) ααα
α’αΆα αα ααα αααααΎ αΆαααααΆααααΉααααΌαα αα αααα·ααααααα αααα α»αΈαααααααΊ
ααααα’αΆαα·αα ααα·αααΈαα»αα ααΆααααα· ααΆααα ααΈαααα»ααααααα ααΌα αα
α ααΉααααα αααα·αΈPVsyst αααααΆαααΆα²ααα’αααααααΎααΆαααα·αααααααα αααα·αΈ
ααααααααααααΎαααα»αααααααα½ ααααα α’ααα αΉααααα
ααΆααααα αααα α»αΈαααααααΊααααα’αΆαα·αα (GT) ααα·αααΈαα»αα ααΆα
αααα· ααΆαααΆαααααα ααα αΈαααα α’α α α’ αα αΌαααααααα α’α α’α’
ααααΆααα αααααΈααα½ α αααΌααΆαααααΆα αααΌα αααα»ααααΌ ααΆαααΈα£ ααα·αααΈα€α
α αα αααααΌ ααΆαααΈ α£ αΆαααααΆα αααΆ αα αααΌααααΆα α ααα αΈααα αα α·ααΆαα·
αααααα αααΆαΈ αααα α»αΈαα α’αΆααα»ααΆααααααΊααααα’αΆαα·αα ααΆαααααααα· αααααααΆ
α’αα·ααααΆ αα αΌαααα 930 W m2 β ααα·ααααΌααααΆ α ααα αΈαααα§αααΆ
ααα ααααα»αα α αααααα―αααΌ ααΆαααΈα€ αΆαααααΆα αααΆααΈαα»αα ααΆα
αααα· ααΆα α’αΆα α αΎααα ααα 35Β°C αα αααα»ααααΌααααΆ ααα·ααααΌαααα
α ααα αΈαααααααΌααα αααα§αααΆα
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5:00 7:00 9:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00
G β
Jan Feb Mar Apr
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Tfi
Tf1 Tfo
PVT1
PVT2
Inlet water
Outlet water